Looking After Your Breast Health: Understanding Breast Cancer and Early Signs

Advice and Information - 29 May 2026

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women in the UK, although it can also affect men. Increased awareness, regular self-checks, and early diagnosis all play an important role in improving treatment outcomes and saving lives.

Understanding the signs and symptoms of breast cancer can help people feel more confident about recognising changes in their bodies and seeking medical advice when needed.

What Is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer develops when abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably and form a tumour. There are different types of breast cancer, and it can develop in different parts of the breast tissue.

While breast cancer is more common in women over the age of 50, it can affect people of all ages. Most cases are not linked to family history, although some people may have a higher risk due to genetics, lifestyle factors, or certain medical conditions.

Research and improvements in screening, diagnosis, and treatment mean that more people than ever are surviving breast cancer, particularly when it is identified early.

Why Early Detection Matters

Detecting breast cancer at an early stage can significantly improve treatment options and outcomes. This is why it is important for people to become familiar with how their breasts normally look and feel so they can notice any unusual changes quickly.

Breast screening appointments offered through the NHS also play an important role in identifying cancers before symptoms appear. Women registered with a GP are routinely invited for breast screening from the age of 50 as part of the national screening programme.

Attending screening appointments and seeking advice promptly if changes are noticed can make a substantial difference.

Signs and Symptoms to Look Out For

Breast cancer symptoms can vary from person to person. In many cases, changes may not be cancer, but it is still important to have them checked by a healthcare professional.

Possible signs and symptoms include:

  • A lump or swelling in the breast, chest, or armpit
  • Changes in the size or shape of the breast
  • Skin changes, such as dimpling or puckering
  • Redness or a rash around the nipple area
  • Nipple discharge, particularly if unexpected
  • Changes in the appearance or position of the nipple
  • Persistent pain in the breast or armpit

People should seek medical advice if they notice any unusual or persistent changes.

What Should I Do If I Have Concerns?

If you are worried about any breast changes, contact your GP practice as soon as possible for advice and assessment. In many cases, symptoms may not be caused by cancer, but it is important to have them checked promptly.

Healthcare professionals can provide reassurance, arrange further tests if needed, and ensure that treatment begins quickly if necessary. Seeking advice early does not waste anyone’s time and can provide peace of mind as well as access to support.

Looking After Your Breast Health

There is no single way to prevent breast cancer completely, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce risk. This includes:

  • Staying physically active
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Limiting alcohol intake
  • Stopping smoking
  • Attending routine screening appointments
  • Being aware of normal breast changes

Most importantly, people should feel confident about speaking openly about breast health and seeking support when needed.

Raising awareness and encouraging early action can help improve outcomes and ensure more people receive the care and treatment they need at the earliest opportunity.

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